The Italian milk economy has reached a remarkable value of 31 billion euros in 2025, cementing its status as a cornerstone of the nation’s agri-food sector. This data, highlighted in a recent Coldiretti analysis based on ISTAT and Ismea figures released for World Milk Day, underscores the enduring global appeal of Italian craftsmanship and biodiversity.
Record export growth
Despite ongoing international trade tensions, Italian cheese exports hit a historic record in 2025, reaching nearly 680 million kilograms. According to Coldiretti, the major Italian farmers’ association, this represents a staggering 90% growth over the last decade. Germany, France, and the United Kingdom remain the top European destinations, while the United States continues to lead as the primary non-European market for these specialty products.
The role of PDO specialties
Italy’s PDO products remain the engine of this growth. Icons such as Parmigiano Reggiano, Grana Padano, Gorgonzola, Pecorino, Taleggio, and Provolone account for over 40% of global consumption of Italian cheeses. These specialties dominate the national PDO Economy, representing approximately 60% of the entire value of Italian food with Geographical Indication.
Combating the “Italian-sounding” phenomenon
However, this success is challenged by the rise of the “Italian-sounding” industry. Imitations often misappropriate the names of authentic regional delicacies—from mozzarella to ricotta and parmesan—to mislead international consumers. This unfair competition not only damages the reputation of authentic Made in Italy producers but also erodes the economic value of genuine artisan output.
Call for transparency
To defend against the influx of foreign semi-finished products—such as curd and low-quality cheese substitutes arriving in Italy—Coldiretti is advocating for mandatory origin labeling on all food products marketed within the European Union. By pushing for a reform of the current “last substantial transformation” rule in the EU customs code, the industry aims to ensure full transparency and protect both the livelihoods of national farmers and the trust of global consumers.